Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a condition characterized by a sideways curvature of the spine that often develops during childhood or adolescence but can also occur in adults. While some spinal curves are mild and require only observation, others may progress and lead to pain, postural changes, reduced mobility, or breathing difficulties. At Orthopaedic Associates of Wisconsin, our spine specialists offer personalized treatment plans designed to help patients manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

What Is Scoliosis?

Scoliosis occurs when the spine curves abnormally, typically in an “S” or “C” shape when viewed from behind. The condition can affect children, adolescents, and adults and varies significantly in severity.

Types of Scoliosis

Idiopathic Scoliosis

The most common form of scoliosis, often developing during adolescence without a known cause.

Congenital Scoliosis

Present at birth due to abnormal spinal development.

Neuromuscular Scoliosis

Associated with conditions such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spinal cord disorders.

Degenerative Scoliosis

Develops in adults as a result of age-related changes in the spine.

Symptoms of Scoliosis

Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the curve and the patient’s age.

Common Signs and Symptoms

• Uneven shoulders
• One shoulder blade appearing more prominent
• Uneven hips or waistline
• Leaning to one side
• Back pain
• Muscle fatigue
• Reduced flexibility
• Difficulty standing for extended periods

Symptoms in Adults

Adults with scoliosis may experience:

• Chronic back pain
• Leg pain due to nerve compression
• Balance difficulties
• Progressive spinal deformity
• Reduced physical function

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of scoliosis is often unknown, but several factors may contribute.

Risk Factors

• Family history of scoliosis
• Female sex
• Congenital spinal abnormalities
• Neuromuscular conditions
• Aging and spinal degeneration

How Is Scoliosis Diagnosed?

A comprehensive evaluation is essential to determine the severity of the spinal curve and guide treatment recommendations.

Physical Examination

Your physician may evaluate:

• Posture and spinal alignment
• Shoulder and hip symmetry
• Range of motion
• Neurological function

Imaging Studies

X-Rays

Used to measure spinal curvature and monitor progression.

MRI

May be recommended when nerve compression or other spinal conditions are suspected.

Treatment Options for Scoliosis

Treatment depends on age, symptoms, and curve severity.

Observation

Mild curves may only require periodic monitoring.

Bracing

In growing adolescents, bracing may help prevent curve progression.

Physical Therapy

Targeted exercises can improve flexibility, strength, posture, and function.

Pain Management

Treatment options may include:

• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Activity modification
• Therapeutic exercise
• Injections when appropriate

Scoliosis Surgery

For severe or progressive curves, surgical treatment may be recommended.

Spinal Fusion

Spinal fusion is the most common surgical procedure used to stabilize the spine and prevent further progression.